13/01/04 Nws
Khoom
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm micro technology, kom cov kws tshawb fawb tau yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv micro ntiaj teb.Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub microscope zoo tib yam, cov tsos ntawm lub cell yog tib yam, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv.Txog rau qhov kawg no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ntau txoj hauv kev: kev siv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis los hloov cov hlwb, siv cov dyeing rau cell dyeing...... Thaum kawg, hauv kev pom ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas, lub xov tooj ntawm tes tsis yog monotonous, tab sis. ib qho zoo nkauj scene.
Txawm hais tias peb nyiam nws los yog tsis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov khoom, lub qhov muag yuav ib txwm siv tib yam kev sib sau cov ntaub ntawv: retinal hlwb ntes photons.Cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug xa mus rau lub hlwb, lub hlwb txo qis rau daim duab.Yog tias cov khoom me dhau lawm, qhov kev xav ntawm photon tsawg dhau, tib neeg lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem pom cov qauv ntawm nws.Lub sijhawm no, peb yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem microscopic.Daim ntawv no qhia cov duab, tsis yog tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig kev kawm tseem ceeb, muaj zog zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.Cov duab no sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem kho qhov muag microscopy tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb lom neeg.
Tam sim no, optical microscopy tab tom hloov pauv tsis tau pom dua.Cov kws tshawb fawb siv cov cim tshiab fluorescent thiab gene engineering thev naus laus zis hloov kho cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, cia lub tshuab tsom rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg los ua cov yeeb yuj, qhib qhov rooj ua rau "kev tshawb pom".Nws yog ib tug tshiab technology, uas yog coj los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.Los ntawm cov txheej txheem no, txhua tus nas lub paj hlwb uas qhia ntau yam xim, pom tseeb, cia peb tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj ntawm cov neural network nrhiav kev tsom xam ntawm cov axonal tshwj xeeb, tseem tuaj yeem kos ib daim ntawv qhia neural network ua tiav - rau cov duab qub qub, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua. kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm.
Qhov tseeb ntawm lub tshuab microscope kuj tau txhim kho.Peb tuaj yeem ua cov cim hauv ib qho protein, thiab tom qab ntawd siv lub tshuab ntsuas ntsuas los soj ntsuam nws cov dej num hauv lub koom haum kab;cell faib thiab sib txawv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txhua yam, kuj yuav coj nyob rau hauv txhua yam nyob rau hauv ib tug glance.Cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem ntes sai sai hauv lub teeb ci, ntes cov xwm txheej tam sim ntawd hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes lossis cov ntaub so ntswg, saib xyuas cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev zoo hauv lub teeb tsis muaj zog.Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm micro technology, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev ceev thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov duab tau yuav raug daws.
Tam sim no, ob peb lub tswv yim microscopic tuaj yeem txawm tias cov txheej txheem lom neeg yooj yim tshaj plaws (thiab kev kho mob tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam), kev siv dav ntawm cov tswv yim no, rau peb kom nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej nteg lub hauv paus ruaj khov.
Complex hlwb: siv ob-photon microscopy (2-photon microscopy) ntawm University of California, San Diego, Thomas deerinck (Thomas Deerinck), tua mus rau ib daim ntawm tsuas yog 400 mu m tuab nas cerebellar cov ntaub so ntswg kuaj ntawm nplua microstructure ( daim duab saum toj no), ntsuab yog Purkinje hlwb (Purkinje neuron), liab yog astrocytes (glial cell), xiav yog nucleus.Jean Rivet (Livet Jean), lub tsev kawm ntawv Harvard (), siv confocal microscopy (microscopy confocal), genetic engineered nas hlwb qia cov ntaub so ntswg (340 m).Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv caj ces, txhua tus neuron hauv tus nas nthuav tawm cov xim sib txawv (saib hauv qab).Txhawm rau muab cov neurons sib txawv xim (piv txwv li, "Brainbow"), cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib qho axon nyob rau hauv lub complex neural network.
Cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm nas puab pob ntseg
Vim tias qhov chaw nqaim thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev sib cais, lub pob ntseg puab yog qhov nyuaj heev los saib xyuas.University of North Carolina Wilmington lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Sonia Piot (Sonja pyott) tau ntes nas hauv pob ntseg plaub hau hlwb (saum toj sab laug), cov hlwb no tuaj yeem siv tshuab hloov suab tsis ua suab paj nruag hluav taws xob.Nyob rau hauv daim duab, cov plaub hau hlwb yog ntsuab, thiab cov hlwb ntawm cov plaub hau yog liab thiab xiav, ces lub nucleus (cov txheej txheem confocal microscopy).Glenn MacDonald (MacDonald Glen), University of Washington, siv txoj kev zoo sib xws los ntes cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm pob ntseg hauv pob ntseg (confocal microscopy).
Cov leeg nqaij fiber ntau hauv Drosophila
Cov leeg nqaij ua rau cov nqaij tawv tawv.Hla ntu ntawm tus nplaig nqaij nas tau pom hauv daim duab saum toj no, los ntawm University of California, San Diego's Thomas deerinck (Thomas Deerinck) tua.Daim duab hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias txhais tes ntawm Hermann Aeberli (Aberle Hermann) ntawm University of Muenster, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas qhia cov leeg nqaij loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov.Vim yog kev hloov pauv caj ces, cov leeg nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ya zoo li tsis sib xws (confocal microscopy).
Tshis pob txha 4 zaug
Cov fins thiab tshis pob txha: ob daim duab qhia, uas yog cov ntaub so ntswg tuab ntawm lub cev vertebrate.Ramat Gan, Ixayees, Samuel Silberman Shamuel Silberman muab cov pob txha ntses fin magnified ib puas npaug, thiab muaj nyob rau saum lub caij nplooj zeeg mottled (siv fiber optic teeb pom kev zoo technology).Txhawm rau soj ntsuam cov pob txha tsim cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov pob txha pob txha pob txha pob txha thiab cov ntsiab lus ntxhia ntawm kev nce qib, lub nroog Tampa, Florida Mo Moffett lub chaw mob qog noj ntshav cim Lloyd (Mark Lloyd) thiab Noel Clark (Noel Clark) cov tshis pob txha loj plaub zaug ( saib daim duab, Hirono microscopy).
Tshis pob txha 4 zaug
Cov fins thiab tshis pob txha: ob daim duab qhia, uas yog cov ntaub so ntswg tuab ntawm lub cev vertebrate.Ramat Gan, Ixayees, Samuel Silberman Shamuel Silberman muab cov pob txha ntses fin magnified ib puas npaug, thiab muaj nyob rau saum lub caij nplooj zeeg mottled (siv fiber optic teeb pom kev zoo technology).Txhawm rau soj ntsuam cov pob txha tsim cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov pob txha pob txha pob txha pob txha thiab cov ntsiab lus ntxhia ntawm kev nce qib, lub nroog Tampa, Florida Mo Moffett lub chaw mob qog noj ntshav cim Lloyd (Mark Lloyd) thiab Noel Clark (Noel Clark) cov tshis pob txha loj plaub zaug ( saib daim ntawv, Hirono microscopy).Microtubules yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm cov chromosomes (xiav).
Nov yog Jan Schmoranza (Sch-moranzer Jan), Columbia University, lub cell membrane ntawm cov hlwb kho los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib, thiab cov qauv ntawm cov microtubules (ntsuab).Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm daim duab, cov microtubules ntawm fibroblasts tau pom tus cwj pwm txawv txav.Txoj kab uas hla ntawm microtubules yog hais txog 20nm, feem ntau, thaum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cell membrane, cov microtubules yuav sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov ua txhaum cai, tab sis qhov xwm txheej tsis yog.Nyob rau hauv lub interphase cell, Duke U - serdar, Tulu (U. serdar Tulu) nyob rau hauv 138 mu m dav horizons ntes cov chromosome (xiav) nyob ib ncig ntawm yog tsim ntawm microtubules (daj, hauv qab).
Cov duab no, kuv pab tsis tau tab sis xav txog tus kws kho mob nto moo Richard Feynman (Feynman Richard) hauv "kev lom zem" hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm zaj dab neeg.Ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Feynman tau xav tias cov kws tshawb fawb paub txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov paj tsis yog cov kws kos duab zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj muaj cov paj zoo nkauj qhib rau ntawm rau rau thiab xya xyoo, nws thiaj li dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.Feynman tsis pom zoo rau tus phooj ywg txoj kev xav, nws hais tias: "Kuv xav tias nws yog ib qho kev lom zem tiag tiag. Ua ntej tshaj, qhov txawv ntawm nws thiab kuv pom yog dab tsi? Kuv ntseeg tias txawm tias kuv tsis muaj. Kev kawm zoo tib yam li nws muaj, tab sis kuj txaus siab rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub paj...... Cia peb xav txog hauv lub zog ntawm tes, nws qhov kev xav tsis zoo tsis yog kev zoo nkauj? Daim ntawv macroscopic, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb microscopic, nws cov qauv sab hauv yog Attendance fascinating. Thiab paj rau kab ntawm Providence thiab sib ntaus sib tua Yan, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog ib tug heev nthuav tej yam, los ntawm sab uas kab kuj muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov xim. pom cov paj zoo nkauj, kuv xav nug ib lo lus nug tias: cov tsiaj qis kuj paub txaus siab rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm paj? Vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj peev xwm saj? ntau mysterious, ntau exciting, ntau awe."
